Cost and Management AccountingEthics and budgetingBudgeting is generally regar ed as an essential technique for planning and controlling anorganisations activities. However, budgeting systems can also create incentivesfor unethicalbehaviour. Using examples to illustrate your discussion,explain: Howthe use of budgets in planning and controlling an organisations activities may createincentives for unethical behaviour; and,-What strategies organisations can adopt to minimise the risk oftheir budgeting systemleading to unethical gehaviours.Topic 2: Accounting for ov erhead Modern manufacturing processes are typically characterised by large-scale automation,with machines replacing people. Consequently, manufacturing overhead has often become a muchmore significant component of total manufacturing costs and this presents a particular challenge for cost and management accountants. Competitive pressures make it essentialthat firms have accurate and up-to-date cost data, but overhead is an indirect cost and allocating itto individualproducts and productlines will always inv olv e subjectivity and estimation.Discussthe difficulties associated with allocating overhead costs in the contemporary manufacturing environment and identify strategiesthat firms can adopt to help make their overhead allocationsmore accurate and reliable..5. Presentation The assignment isto comply with the Universitys General Guide forthe Presentation of AcademicWork. Students are required to use the APA style of referencing. See comments below regardingword length. Each group isto submit a single copy of their assignment.6. Assessment criteria In assessing submitted assignments consideration will be given to:Overall neatness, completeness and quality of presentation. Graduate students are expected to achieve a satisfactory standard with respectto this criterionas a matter of courseand forthis reason, no creditwill be granted for achieving it. However, assignmentsthat fail to achieve the minimum standard in connection with this criterion will be penalised. The expectedstandard concerning this criterion is as specified by the Universitys General Guide forthePresentation ofAcademic Work.-Timeliness of submission. Graduate students are expected to beable to meet reasonable deadlines forthe submission of assessable work as a matter of course. Forthis reason, no creditwill be given for submitting the assignment by the due date. However, assignmentsthat are submitted late will be penalised atthe rate ofthree marksout of 30 per daythatthe assignment is late.Demonstrated application of appropriate cost and management accountingknowledge,skills,values and attitudes. This criterion pertainsto the overall quality ofthe content of responses to the assignmentrequirements. Specific factorsto be taken into account include: accuracy, comprehensiveness, demonstrated understanding ofthe topics, and the location andeffective use of relevant research materials..
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