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Please find ‘Research Proposal’ Attached Dissertation Topic: Please indicate the proposed title of your study (Maximum 30-words) OUTLINE OF PROPOSED DISSERTATION This should be of no more than 700 words and must include the following points: Context Relationship to established scholarship Theoretical/methodological framework Key references Ethics Indicative list of materials and locations available for the project Employers permission Child Protection Professional Codes of Practice Permission to access resources Health and Safety List of no more than 8 key references with regards to (red) above – Looking to conduct all research at the Freeflow Soccer Club in San Diego – permission from the Director of Coaching – Jason Aldous and board members. Please let me know if you require any additional information Thanks
Citation Style: Harvard
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Extra Requirement:I have attached some documents that I wish to have help with… From a previous order on my Diss proposal (order – MD-2249) attached. I have to complete a submission document which is also attached (Disserataion proposal form). This shows that I need to complete a 30 word title and 700 word doc on the research.
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Please find ‘Research Proposal’ Attached
Dissertation Topic: Please indicate the proposed title of your study (Maximum 30-words)
OUTLINE OF PROPOSED DISSERTATION
This should be of no more than 700 words and must include the following points:
Context
Relationship to established scholarship
Theoretical/methodological framework
Key references
Ethics
Indicative list of materials and locations available for the project
Employers permission
Child Protection
Professional Codes of Practice
Permission to access resources
Health and Safety
List of no more than 8 key references
with regards to (red) above – Looking to conduct all research at the Freeflow Soccer Club in San Diego – permission from the Director of Coaching – Jason Aldous and board members.
Library Access:
Number Words: 1000
Role of parents in youths sport
Dissertation proposal
Name of Course
name/ surname
Institution name
Research question
How do parents impact on their youth sports?
Abstract
Parents are key and play an important role in the youth sport. The couches only play the role of and teaching training where as it is the parents who fill the other entire gap for their young players (Gilbert, Gilbert, & Trudel, 2001). Indeed parent remain the role models for their children in attitude, sportsmanship, fair playing and practice. However, parents who shows displeasure when his/her child’s team looses or keeps on arguing with the couch about the performance and participation of their children in the team sets bad example in sport development of their children.
This research proposal tackles the role of the parents in the youth sport and how the involvement of the parents in youth sport impacts either positively or negatively in the development of the youths in their sports of choice.
Introduction
The parent’s role in the child’s sporting experience must not be underestimated. This is due to the fact that the children always enjoy watching and copying the behaviors they see other players demonstrate (Hoyle, & Leff, 1997). so it is the parent who is the first person to identify what kind of sport his/her child enjoys most and then introduce the child into that sport by providing the necessary support the child may need in succeeding in that sport (Csikszentmihalyi, M., Rathunde, K., & Whalen,1993). Research has often revealed that parents play a crucial role in development of young players. When Some parents play an excellent role in ensuring that their juniors do well in sports others may impact negatively although not intentional to the player talent development.
Objectives of the study
• One of the objectives of this research study is to establish and determine the extent to which parental involvement in any of their children’s sport is influential in the children’s enjoyment of the sport they participate in.
• Secondly this research intends to determine the level to which the parent involvement with youth sports impacts on the youth performance and the youth perception of their performance both subjectively and objectively.
Hypothesis
• Perceived parental support positively affect the players self enjoyment of the sport and appraisal of self-worth and self esteem. Where as parental pressure negatively impacts on the youth play enjoyment, self esteem, and self worth.
• The perceived parental support positively affects both subjective and objective performance of the youth play. And parental pressure impacts negatively on subjective performance while it impacts positively on objective performance.
Literature review
Studies have provided that the involvement of the parent in the sport of the youth can be looked into as a continuum from not being involved completely to being fully involved. It can range from positive to negative or from low to high as scholars say. Positive support includes verbal encouragement, parent’s presence in the game, allowing g the child to make his/ her own decision about what sport to participate in and what team to play for, and providing financial and other resources that enable the child to participate ( James & Ziemer, August 8, 2001).
Negative participation of the parent in youth sport includes directive behavior and pressure to win and perform to the parents’ expectation ( Baker, & Robertson-Wilson, 2003). Research done recently provides that there is a very great relationship between the parents’ involvement and the type of youth sports experience a child poses for example, studies provide that top junior players had parents fully involved in their athletic sports experiences who imparted the values needed for the excellence at the top games (Helsen, Starkes, & Hodges, 1998). So it seems to be paradoxical that the participation of the parent is essential for the development of the talent of the youth, but at the same time it can cause adverse effects to some players (Feigley1983).
Youth sport development usually involves three phases. The first phase is in the earlier years of the child development. The parent must participate in helping the child in liking the game (Weirsma2000). In this phase the child participation is recreational in nature (Wankel, & Berger, 1990). Here there is no much emphasis placed in the game but only the fun the child gets. The role of the parent in this phase is in providing the financial means and transportation. Also the parents can afford the opportunity to push the child to play but not to pressure the child to win. Here parents display emotions control and encourage the “fun” (Wright & Côté, 2003).
The development in the middle years involves the child beginning to train is a systematic way many times in a week ( Weitzer1989). Here the child has already chosen the kind of sport he/she likes most .often they may go for completions and need a great deal of couching do perfect in the game a this phase. To add to the above supportive behavior the parents must ensure that there child’s game is kept in track (Wankel, & Mummery 1990 ).
The positive role of the parent here is to ensure that the child has all the needed facilities and couching again they must instill the values of hard working and commitment regardless of the outcome of the competition. Negative parental involvement in this phase is too much emphasis on wining, too much talking, reacting emotionally during matches, restricting the player’s social life too much and becoming over-involved ( Raedeke, & Smith, 2001 ). One incident of the parent negative behavior is occurred in 2000 when there was youth hokey game in Massachusetts.
One parent confronted another about his sons rough playing. Two men who were watching that game argued hotly about the incident and ended up fighting twice. The second fight unfortunately resulted in the beating to death of one of the parents. So parents if not conversant with the code of conducts parents can cause physical confrontations which may lead to the spoiling of the youth games and sports (Wuerth, Lee, & Alfermann, 2004).
The third phase of development involves the elitte phase. Here the player needs to much more training often during the week and under the master couch ( Smith, Smoll, & Curtis,1978). At this stage the sport occupies the central role in the life of the player. Here the younger player may be required to participate internationally and nationally.
Together with the parental support discussed above the parent continues to give more support some times more expensive and the parent withdrawal from more involvement to give the child more independence (Abernethy, Farrow & Berry, 2003) . Negatively the parent can be too demanding on the child winning, being more critical, lacking good communication and showing problems with the couch. Studies show that it is in this phase that the parents need to be more supportive in all aspects and then pull back so as to let the player mature and become more independent (Starkes, Deakin, Allard, Hodges, & Hayes, 1996).
Present research provides that when the parent gets involved in the child’s sport as a motivator, sponsor, and facilitator and even as a couch produces best performance in the player and big enjoyment of the sport (Salminen,& Liukkonen,1996). In the above role the parent can often provide financial, emotional and even physical support. More the parents can apply some pressure to the young developing players for the purposes of instilling the spirit of excellence and success.
Research indicates that among young athletes the support of the parents is associated with immense enjoyment of the sport, more positive appraise of performance outcomes and more positive self esteem and self-worth (Wankel & Kreisel,1985). On the other hand pressure from the parent is associated with discontent and discomfort with the participation of the sport, stress involving the performance evaluation out comes, and negative appraisal of self esteem and self-worth ( Anderson, Funk, Elliott,& Smith,2003).
Basing this research on the above literature review, the young players perception of there parent support and pressure with their game enjoyment, objective and subjective performances ratings and self esteem were looked into (Lemyre, Roberts, & Ommundsen, 2002).
The parental support and involvement was defined as the behaviors the parents show to their children as facilitating their athletic participation and performance (Côté, & Fraser-Thomas, 2007).
This definition has two aspects which need to be elaborated. First, it is evident that the child’s perception of the parents support contributes to the emotional and sports adjustments of the child ( Fraser-Thomas, Côté, & Deakin, 2005). The parental support which is open is likely to be acknowledged by the child who is participating in a sport that the support which is underground though it be enormous ( Smoll, Smith, Barnett, & Everett, 1993).
Second the parental support greatly affects the children’s participation which encompasses the children’s continued enjoyment and loyalty to the sport and performance which involves the level of accomplishments the children is able to attain (MacPhail & Kirk,2006).
Parental pressure was defined as the expectations the parents put on there children in any sport competition. Those expectations are often unlikely and of unattainable heights. Just like with parental support more emphasis is put on the child’s perception rather than the objective action of the parent. In short parental pressure has been referred to as the operational difference between the young sports participant and the parent expectations ( Stein, Raedeke, & Glenn,1999).
Research methodology
This area deals with the methods that will be used by the researcher to achieve and attain to the set objectives of this study. It defines the place where the study will be carried out, the research procedures the type of people who were approached and the plan of analysis that will be employed during this study.
The methods that will be used to carry out the research and collect the relevant and positive information concerning this topic of study include; interviewing the involved parties ;the youth players parents and couches, the questionnaire will be prepare red and be given to the relevant people to fill and it will mainly focus on the role of parents in the youth sport, and finally survey will be carried out where the researcher will visit places of sport competitions, attend to the training camps, visit the individual players in their homes and finally compile the data from the findings.
The objectives of this research is to establish and determine the extent to which parental involvement in any of their children’s sport is influential in the children’s enjoyment of the sport they participate in and Secondly to determine the level to which the parent involvement with youth sports impacts on the youth performance and the youth perception of their performance. Both the aspects of subjective and objective performance were chosen for each aspect has its own part in the players experience on performance.
Choice of research philosophy
Of importance again in this research is the research strategy. It indicates the methods that the researcher adapts to answer the research objectives and issues surrounding the role of the parents in the youth sport. In this research interviews and questionnaire will be used most because of their applicability in any contemporary situation in real life.
The questionnaire will be used because it is the best method to collect the exploratory information for instance it will help in the collection of qualitative information on the role of parents in the youth sport for the purposes of better understanding and help in the generation of hypotheses on this research topic.
On the type of interviews to be used unstructured type of interview will be used because of its convenience between the interviewee and the interviewer. This kind of interview allows the interviewee to naturally answer the questions because the researcher also generates the questions naturally there and then. This helps in getting the most relevant information on the topic of research without biasness when the right person was selected for interview.
Research validity and reliability
This research being survey based, all questions are related to theoretical characteristics discussed in literature review. The process of interview and questionnaire would therefore be accurate in collecting, analyzing and sampling data; hence the validity of result would be quite high.
Ethical consideration
The participants which are the player’s parents and couches will give different questionnaires based on specific areas of interests. The approval or the disapproval of participation will be based on its merits and demerits as determined after conducting the research. All the participants will be given their respectively informed consent for the purpose of participation in the research. They will be informed prior to the research, the purposes, the potential benefits as well as the risks that might be associated with their participation. Ethical standards will be considered in the process of the procedures of the research.
Expected results /findings
Sports which involve the competitions provide great experience to the youth in participation. It becomes more exciting and interesting when the parents share in the experience by participating in there support and attempting to win with them in their sports of choice (Baker, Côté, & Abernethy, 2003 ). Parents actually want and like to see their children win and succeed in the games they participate in but they must avoid incidences which draw the attention to themselves rather than the child participating in the game. When parents raise attention to themselves it becomes very embarrassing to the youth and may end up discouraging the child from participating and may end up quitting the competition (Brustad,1993).
This research study is expected to find that in situations where the parent showed the following traits the player had a very good positive experience and often excelled. Those positive parental traits include where the parent:
• Provided love and support unconditionally without expecting any gain in return.
• Gave both motivation and encouragement and more so put more emphasis on the enjoyment and fun rather than setting for them unattainable expectations.
• Provided the most important resource of finance and logistics.
• Had good perception on youth sports and did not doubt the development of such sports (Barnett, Smoll & Smith,1992).
• Prevailed all the opportunities for further development in that sport to the youth ( Horn, & Harris, 2002).
• Instilled good values of hardworking and preparations while maintaining core values of the sport.
• Put emphasis on the child’s development than winning games
• Put his focus on performance and not on the results.
• Did not trespass the boundaries set for players and parents by the coaches .
• Concerned about the friendship and social benefits associated with the sport.
• Helped the player to balance the responsibilities.
• Put his trust on the couch to train the child to the required standard (Werthner,& Trudel, 2006).
Expected in this research also are the traits that negatively impacted on the players performance and development. These traits including situations when the parents:
• Were too demanding and had very high expectations of there children’s performance because they wanted some thing in return due to high investments they put in the child’s participation of the competition (Martin, Jackson, Richardson, & Weiller, 1999).
• Become too involved in the sport till they created negative experience.
• They pushed too hard due to the unrealistic expectations they had
• They become too judgmental and compared there children with others too much.
• They couched their own children not leaving the child to get the best training (Salminen,& Liukkonen,1996)from the master couch.
• They put more pressure on the child to win at all costs not considering the level of the competition.
• Depended entirely on the child’s sport earnings for their upkeep and all other family requirements (Curtis, McTeer & White,1999).
• Become confrontational and took the sport too seriously (Gould, Udry, Tuffey, & Loehr, J.1996).
Limitations of the research
Limitations are usually present in every research and these limitations actually tamper with the results of the research. One of the biggest limitations of this research will be lack of budget and lack of time. Besides that there are certain other limitations like the non-serious attitude of the respondents rendering the interviews that will be conducted and the questionnaire giving in accurate information. More so it is expected that some participants will in one way or the other give false information for their own malicious gains and this will limit the validity of the data collected for analysis.
Conclusion
In a nut shell Parents play an important role in the development of youth sports since without parents an individual cannot have the moral and financial support to carry out his/her career. Parents are the key to success and most of the sportsmen who are remembered by everyone today were morally and financially supported by their parents. This research has covered different aspects that show how parents can support a young sportsman and the motivational factors accompanied with a young individuals parental support. Finally, it can be concluded that parental Support and pressure play a prominent role in the future development of the youth who make sports their life time career.
Reference.
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