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Assignment’2:’Due’June’22nd
The!second!assignment!is!a!longer!essay!(3000!– 4000!words)!with!a!wider!range!of!
choices!from!the!subject.!The!object!of!this!assignment!is!to!engage!with!a!particular!
area!of!interest!(such!as!English!in!a!particular!context,!or!the!arguments!around!
English!as!a!lingua!franca,!or!the!question!of!the!future!of!English)!in!some!detail.!You!
will!be!expected!to!have!read!more!widely!than!just!subject!readings!and!to!develop!a!
focus!on!a!particular!are!of!interest!to!you.!You!should!start!to!think!about!possible!
topics!for!this!essay!early!in!the!subject!(or!at!least,!do!not!wait!until!the!end!of!the!
subject).!You!should!also!decide!whether!you!want!to!write!a!broad!overview!and!
discussion!of!an!area!(based!on!readings!from!the!subject!as!well!as!further!reading),!
look!in!close!detail!at!a!particular!context!(which!may!require!searching!for!resources!
that!may!not!be!so!easy!to!find),!or!engage!in!some!kind!of!empirical!work,!such!as!an!
analysis!of!the!language!of!a!speaker,!or!of!a particular!variety!(which!may!involve!less!
background!reading,!but!will!involve!gathering!and!analyzing!data).!
Possible!essay!topics!for!assignment!2
These!are!suggestions!only.!Changes!can!be!made!to!these!suggestions (options!one!and!
two!could!very!easily!be!combined,!for!example)!,!and!different!topics!may!be!proposed.!
It!is!essential,!however,!that!you!discuss!your!proposed!assignment!with!your!lecturer.
1. Analyse!in!detail!a!particular!variety!of!English!(for!example,!Singaporean!
English!or!Aboriginal!English),!looking!at!features!of!interest,!and!particularly!
evidence!of!new!divergent!forms.
2. Analyse!in!detail!a!particular!variety!of!English!within!its!social!and!political!
context!(for!example,!English!in!Hong!Kong).!What!social,!cultural!and!political!roles!does!it!play?!Clearly!these!two!options!(1!&!2)!can!be!combined!– it!is!
merely!a!matter!of!greater!or!lesser!focus!on!language!or!context.!
3. Looking!across!a!number!of!new!Englishes,!discuss!the!emergence!of!and!
implications!of!common!features.
4. Show how!different!generic!or!rhetorical!structures!are!emerging!in!different!
forms!of!world!Englishes.!What!implications!does!this!have?
5. Discuss!the!implications!of!a!‘world!Englishes’!paradigm!for!language!teaching.!
How!are!language!acquisition!and!language!teaching!affected!if!we!accept!the!
possibility!of!continuous!variety?
6. Review!the!arguments!around!linguistic!imperialism.!What!are!the!strengths!and!
weaknesses!of!this!view!of!English?
7. Compare!the!world!Englishes!and!English!as!a!lingua!franca!approaches!to!
English.!What!are!the!similarities!and!differences?!What!are!advantages!and!
disadvantages!of!adopting!on!or!other!of!these!frameworks?!Should!we!try!to!
teach!world!Englishes!or!English!as!a!lingua!franca!in!our!English!classes?
8. Drawing!on!literary!or!other!expressive!work!in!world!Englishes,!discuss!ways!in!
which!English!is!appropriated!and!used!to!express!alternative!worlds!and!
identities.!What!implications!might!this!have!for!English!language!teaching?
9. Look!at!various!strategies!to!confront!the!global!spread!of!English.!Are!they!
necessary?!Can!greater!definition!of!language!rights!help!maintain!other!
languages?!Are!pedagogical!strategies!to!promote!diversity!through!English!
likely!to!promote!or!reduce!diversity!in!the!long!run?
10. In!what!ways!is!English!tied!to!forms!of!globalization?!What!is!globalization?!Is!
this!merely!a!coincidental!conjunction?!What!affects!may!this!connection!have!on!
languages!and!cultures!around!the!world?
11. What!seem!to!be!the!possible!or!likely!futures!for!Englishes!in!the!world?!An!
English_speaking!world?!A!world!in!which!most!people!speak!a!first!language,!
and!English!as!a!second!language?!A!world!of!increasingly!divergent!forms!of!
English?!A!world!of!competing!major!languages!and!diminishing!minor!
languages?!A!world!of!increasing!diversity?
12. Taking!an!area!such!as!methods,!evaluation!or!textbooks,!discuss!the!
implications!of!the!global!spread!of!English.!How!should!we!now!teach?!What!
should!we!teach?!How!should!we!evaluate!it?
Note!that!these!are!suggestions!only!and!you!are!encouraged!to!develop!your!own!
interests!and!focuses.!Please!discuss!your!choice!for!a!final!essay!with!your!lecturer.!It!is!expected!that!this!assignment!will!be!done!in!standard!essay!form,!with!appropriate!
references!(though!if!you!wish!to!experiment!with!form,!please!consult!your!lecturer).!
While!the!assignments!can!be!based!around!readings!for!the!subject,!it!is!expected!that!
you!will!also!have!done!further!reading!on!your!chosen!topic.!It!is!not!enough!just!to!
summarize!certain!readings.!Whatever!topic!you!choose,!you!will!be!expected!to!
develop!an!argument,!to!write!critically!on!a!topic,!to!show!you!understand!the!issues!
and!can!relate!them!to!contexts!with!which!you!are!familiar,!and!to!show!you!have!read!
more!widely!than!just!subject!readings.
Subject(Objectives/Outcomes
A!central!aim!of!this!subject!is!not!so!much!to!learn!a!discrete!body!of!knowledge!
but!rather!to!understand!the!nature!of!the!debates!around!English,!and!to!be!able!
to!explain!the!different!positions!taken.
At!the!completion!of!the!subject!participants!are!expected!to!have!well!developed!
understandings!of:
1. Key!concerns!about!the!current!spread!of!English,!and!the!different!
arguments!for!and!against!this!spread;
2. Concepts!such!as!linguistic!imperialism,!language!rights,!World!Englishes,!
language!varieties,!pidgins,!creoles,!lingua!franca,!and!so!forth;
3. Different ways!of!looking!at!English!in!context,!from!sociolinguistic!
concerns!about!varieties!to!language!policy!issues;
4. The!pedagogical!implications!of!global!Englishes,!including!questions!of!
genres,!methodologies!and!evaluation
Wingate (2012) Argument essays:
This article, by Ursula Wingate appeared in the most recent issue of the Journal of English for Academic Purposes. It provides very helpful information about building an argument into your essay. It should prove useful for your own academic writing (in relation to the final assignment), and for your teaching of academic English.
Module(1:(Understanding(the(global(spread(of(English
Unit(1:(introduction:(English(and(globalization.
Unit(2:(The(global(spread(of(English:(Defining(the(issues
Tollefson,!J!2000,!’Policy!and!ideology!in!the!spread!of!English’,!in!JK!Hall!&!W!
Eggington!(eds),”The”Sociopolitics”of”English”Language”Teaching,!
Multilingual!Matters,!Clevedon,!Great!Britain,!pp.!7Z21.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/5531/015130_tollefsonpolicy.pdf
Unit(3:(English(linguistic(imperialism(and(language(rights
Key(reading
Phillipson,!R!(2008)!The!linguistic!imperialism!of!neoliberal!empire.!Critical”
Inquiry”in”Language”Studies 5(1)!1Z43
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/20463/013095_phillipsonlinguistic.pdf
Further(reading
Phillipson,!R!(1994),!’English!language!spread!policy’,!International”Journal”of”the”
Sociology”of”Language, vol.!107,!pp.!7Z24.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/5558/015130_phillipsonenglish.pdf5
Phillipson,!R!&!SkutnabbZKangas,!R!(1996),!‘English!only!worldZwide!or!language!
ecology?’,!TESOL”Quarterly,!vol.!30,!issue!3,!pp. 429Z452.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/5559/015130_phillipsonenglishonly.pdf
Phillipson!(2006)!Language!policy!and!linguistic!imperialism.!In!T!Ricento!(Ed)!!
An”introduction”to”language”policy:”Theory”and”method.!Oxford:!Blackwell,!!
346Z361
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/14226/013095_phillipsonlanguage.pdf
Special(topics:( 1.(English,(Islam(and(Christianity
(((((((((((((( 2.(English(outsourced:(Call(Centres(
Key(Reading 1
Mahboob,!A!(2009)!English!as!an!Islamic!language:!a!case!study!of!Pakistani!
English.!World”Englishes,!28,!2,!175Z189
http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/drr/27354/
Further(reading
Karmani,!S!(2005)!English,!’Terror’,!and!Islam.!Applied”Linguistics
26(2)!262Z267
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/17613/013095_karmanienglish.pdf
Varghese,!M!and!B!Johnston!(2007)!!Evangelical!Christians!and!English!Language!
Teaching!TESOL”Quarterly 41(1)!5Z31
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/17612/013095_vargheseevangelical.pdf
Key(reading(2
Hultgren,!A.K.!(2011)!’Building!rapport’!with!customers!across!the!world:!The!
global!diffusion!of!a!call!centre!speech!style!Journal”of”Sociolinguistics 15/1,!
36–64
http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/drr/30832/
Friginal!E!(2009)!Threats!to!the!sustainability!of!the!outsourced!call!center!
industry!in!the!Philippines:!implications!for!language!policy.!Language”
Policy (2009)!8:51–68
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/link/24089
Unit(4:(Appropriating(English
Key(reading(1
Lin,!A,!Wang,!W,!Akamatsu,!N &!Riazi,!AM!(2002)!Appropriating!English,!
expanding!identities,!and!reZvisioning!the!field:!from!TESOL!to!teaching!
English!for!glocalized!communication!(TEGCOM),!Journal”of”Language,”
Identity,”and”Education,!vol.!1,!no.!4,!pp.!295Z316.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/8564/015130_linappropriating.pdf
Key(reading(26
Tajima,!Misako!(2010)!Critical!selfZreflection:!A!performative!act.!The”Language”
Teacher,!34(4)!49Z52
http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/drr/27353/
Pennycook,!A!(2003)!‘Global!Englishes,!Rip!Slyme,!and!performativity.”Journal”of”
Sociolinguistics
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/14224/013095_pennycookglobal.pdf
Module(2:(Englishes(in(context
Unit(5:(World(Englishes
Key(reading
Bhatt,!R!(2005)!Expert!discourses,!local!practices,!and!hybridity:!The!case!of!
Indian!Englishes!In!S!Canagarajah!(Ed) Reclaiming”the”local”in”language”
policy”and”practice.!Mahwah,!NJ:!Lawrence!Erlbaum
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/14238/013095_bhattexpert.pdf
Further(reading
Kachru,!B!&!Nelson,!C!(1996) ‘World!Englishes’,!in!S!McKay!&!N!Hornberger!
(eds),!Sociolinguistics”and”language”Teaching, Cambridge!University!Press,!
Cambridge,!pp.!71Z102.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/8570/015130_kachruworld.pdf
Rajagopalan,!Kanavallil!(2004)!The!concept!of!‘World!English’!and!its!
implications!for!ELT.!ELT”Journal58(2)!111Z117
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/8586/015130_rajagopalanconcept.pdf
Unit(6:(The(outer(circle:(English((in(Singapore(and(Hong(Kong
Key(reading 1
Bolton,!K!(2000)!’The!sociolinguistics!of!Hong!Kong!and!the!space!for!Hong!Kong!
English’,!World”Englishes,!vol.!19,!issue!3,!pp.!265Z285.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/8572/015130_boltonsociolinguistics.pdf
Key(reading(2
Gupta,!A!F!(2010)!Singapore!standard!English!revisited.!In!L!Lim,!A!Pakir!and L!
Wee!(Eds),!English”in”Singapore:”Modernity”and”management.!Hong!Kong:!
Hong!Kong!University!Press,!57Z89.
6666http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/drr/27351/
Further(reading
Wee,!L!(2005)!IntraZLanguage!Discrimination!and!Linguistic!Human!Rights:!The!
Case!of!Singlish.!Applied”Linguistics.!26(1)!48Z69.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/link/143017
Pandey,!A!(2004)!Culture,!gender,!and!identity!in!crossZcultural!personals!and!
matrimonials.!World”Englishes,”23(3)!403Z427.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/14223/013095_pandeyculture.pdf
Unit(7:(The(expanding(circle:(English(in(the(world
Key(reading
Yano,!Y!(2001)!‘World!Englishes!in!2000!and!beyond’,!World”Englishes,!vol.!20,!
no.!2,!pp.!119Z131.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/8573/015130_yanoworld.pdf
Further(reading
He,!D.!and!Zhang,!Q.!(2010)!Native!speaker!norms!and!China!English:!From!the!
perspective!of!learners!and!teachers!in!China!TESOL”Quarterly 44(4)!769Z
789.
http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/drr/30830/
McPherron,!P!(2009)!“My!name!is!Money”:!name!choices!and!global!
identifications!at!a!SouthZChinese!university.!Asia”Pacific”Journal”of”
Education 29(4)!521Z535
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/link/24088
Unit(8:(English(in(Australia:(Aboriginal(English,(pidgins(and(creoles
Key(reading(1
Malcolm!(2001)!Aboriginal!English:!Adopted!code!of!a!surviving!culture.!In!D!
Blair!and!P!Collins!(Eds)!English”in”Australia Amsterdam:!John!benjamins,!
201Z222
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/14227/013095_malcolmaboriginal.pdf
Key(reading(2
Burridge,!K!(2010)!English!in!Australia.!In!A!Kirkpatrick!(Ed)!The”Routledge”
Handbook”of”World”Englishes.!London:!Routledge,!132Z151
666http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/drr/27352/
Further(reading
Eades,!Diana!(2007)!Aboriginal!English!in!the!criminal!justice!system.!In!Leitner,!
Gerhard!and!Ian!Malcolm!(eds.),!The”Habitat”of”Australia’s”Aboriginal”
Languages:”Past,”Present,”and”Future.!Berlin:!Mouton!de!Gruyter,!299Z326.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/24087/013095_eadesaboriginal.pdf
Sharifian,!F!(2006)!A!culturalZconceptual!approach!and!world!Englishes:!the!case!
of!Aboriginal!English!World”Englishes 25(1)!11Z22
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/14225/013095_sharifiancultural.pdf8
Siegel!J!(2009)!Linguistic!and!educational!aspects!of!Tok!Pisin.!In!N!Coupland!
and!A!Jaworski!(Eds)!The”new”sociolinguistics”reader.!Basingstoke:!Palgrave!
Macmillan,!pp!512Z525
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/24095/013095_siegellingusitic.pdf
Unit(9:(English(as(a(lingua(franca
Key(reading
Jenkins,!J!(2009)!Exploring!attitudes!towards!English!as!a!lingua!franca!in!the!
East!Asian!context.!In!Murata,!K!and!J!Jenkins!(Eds)!Global”Englishes”in”
Asian”contexts.”Basingstoke:!Palgrave!Macmillan,!pp!40Z56
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/24093/013095_jenkinsexploring.pdf
Further(reading
Jenkins,!J (2006)!Current!perspectives!on!teaching!world!Englishes!and!English!
as!a!lingua!franca.!TESOL”Quarterly 40(1)!157Z181
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/17611/013095_jenkinscurrent.pdf
Deterding, D (2010) Norms for pronunciation in Southeast Asia. World Englishes 29
(3) 364–377
http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/drr/30829/
Jenkins,!J!(2002) ‘A!sociolinguistically!based,!empirically!researched!
pronunciation!syllabus!for!English!as!an!international!language’,!Applied”
Linguistics,!vol.!23,!no.!1,!pp.!83Z103.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/8578/015130_jenkinssociolinguistically.pdf
Kirkpatrick!(2006)!Which!model!of!English:!NativeZspeaker,!nativized!or!linguaZ
franca?!In!R!Rubdy!and!M!Saraceni!(Eds)!English”in”the”world:”Global”rules,”
global”roles.!London:!Continuum,!71Z83
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/14315/013095_kirkpatrickwhich.pdf
Deterding,!D!!&!A!Kirkpatrick!(2006)!Emerging!SouthZEast!Asian!Englishes!and!
intelligibility.!World”Englishes 25(3/4)!391Z409
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/14231/013095_deterdingemerging.pdf
Module(3:(Global(Englishes(and(appropriate(pedagogies(
Unit(10:(Global(Englishes(and(the(native(speaker
Key(reading
Llurda,!E!(2004)!NonZnativeZspeaker!teachers!and!English!as!an!International!
language9
International”Journal”of”Applied”Linguistics 14!(3)!314Z323
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/14229/013095_llurdanonnative.pdf
Further(reading
Faez,!Farahnaz!!(2011)!Reconceptualizing!the!Native/Nonnative!Speaker!
Dichotomy!Journal”of”Language,”Identity”&”Education”10:4,”231T249
http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/drr/30831/
Kirkpatrick,!A!(2007):!Language!variation!and!the!multilingual!speaker!of!
English:!Implications!for!English!language!teaching!The”New”English”
Teacher 1/1!44Z60
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/17610/013095_kirkpatricklanguage.pdf
Braine,!G!(2006)!A!history!of!research!on!nonZnative!speaker!English!teachers.!In!
E!Llurda!(Ed)!NonTnative”language”teachers:”Perceptions,”challenges”and”
contributions”to”the”profession.” New!York:!Springer,!pp!13Z24.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/24092/013095_brainenon.pdf
Canagarajah,!AS!(1999) ‘Interrogating!the!“native!speaker”!fallacy:!nonZlinguistic!
roots,!nonZpedagogical!results’,!in!G!Braine!(ed),!NonTnative”educators”in”
English”language”teaching,!Lawrence!Erlbaum,!Mahwah,!NJ,!pp.!77Z92.
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/8577/015130_canagarajahinterrogating.pdf
Unit(11:(Appropriate(methods(for(global(English(teaching
Key(reading
Canagrajah,!S!and!Said!B!S!(2010)!English!language!teaching!in!the!outer!and!
expanding!circles.!In!J!Maybin!and!J!Swann!(Eds)!The”Routledge”companion”
to”English”language”studies.!London:!Routledge,!pp!157Z170
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/24096/013095_canagarajahenglish.pdf
Further(reading
Phan!Le!Ha!(2004)!!University!classrooms!in!Vietnam:!Contesting!the!
stereotypes.!ELT”Journal,!58(1)!!50Z57
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/8587/phan_le_ha_eltj.pdf
Shin,!Hyungjun!(2006)!Rethinking!TESOL!from!a!SOL’s!perspective:!Indigenous!
epistemology!and!decolonizing!praxis!in!TESOL.!Critical”Inquiry”in”
Language”Studies 3(2&3)!147Z167
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/20464/013095_shinrethinking.pdf
Kumaravadivelu!B!(2003)!!A!postmethod!perspective!on!English!language!
teaching!World”Englishes 22(4)!539Z550
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/8582/015130_kumaravadivelupostmethod.pdf
Unit(12:(Textbooks(and(evaluation(of(global(Englishes10
Key(reading(1
Gray,!J!(2002)!The!global!coursebook!in!English!language!teaching.!In!David!
Block!and!Deborah!Cameron!(Eds)”Globalization”and”language”teaching.!
London:!Routledge!pp151Z167
http://drr.lib.uts.edu.au/file/17626/013095_grayglobal.pdf
Tajima, M. (2011). Ideological messages embedded in an EFL textbook. In A.
Stewart (Ed.), JALT2010 Conference Proceedings. Tokyo: JALT 329-326
http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/drr/30828/
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