Why (in your opinion, backed by ancient sources) did the Roman state come into conflict with both Jews and Christians? How far did the Romans distinguish the two? Custom Essay

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1. Why (in your opinion, backed by ancient sources) did the Roman state come into conflict with both Jews and Christians? How far did the Romans distinguish the two?

2. What opinions did Romans hold towards the Jews in the first two centuries CE? How do you account for the various opinions held?

3. What did the terms religio and superstitio mean for the Romans? How did the Romans understand Judaism and Christianity within the framework of their system of religious thought?

4. What role did the Imperial cult play in the Roman Empire in the first three centuries? In what ways did it cause conflict with Christianity?

5. What were the causes of the Great Revolt (AD 66-73) of the Jews according to Josephus? How reliable do you find his presentation, and what other sources do we have to check it against?

6. What were the charges (both legal and rhetorical) made against Christians by Greeks and Romans up to AD 250 ? How did Christians respond?

7. What can we learn from the libelli about the scope, purpose, and procedure of Decius persecution? How does this compare with the picture we gain from literary sources?

8. How did the persecution under Valerian differ from previous Roman actions against the Christians? What is the significance of how both Valerian’s edicts of persecution and Gallienus’s edict of toleration were framed?

9. With particular reference to the persecution of Diocletian, what were the effects of persecution on Christianity?

10. What are the main features of the evidence of the papyri for Christianity in Egypt down to the time of Constantine (early fourth century)? What sort of evidence do we have, and how do we know it relates to Christianity?

11. In what terms did the intellectual critics of Christianity such as Celsus and Porphyry frame their criticisms of Christians in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD? How did Christians answer them?

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