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In the 1820s, 1830, and 1840s, the Second Great Awakening helped to inspire a reformist impulse across the nation. As History in the Making (Chapter 13) points out, one of those movements centered on an effort to abolish slavery in the United States; of course, the desire to eliminate slavery did not go unchallenged. In this activity, you will examine the views of antislavery (abolitionist) and proslavery writers in the antebellum years. This essay will help you better understand a controversy that permeated American life in the years leading up to the Civil War. (Meets Course Learning Objectives: 1, 8, 15, and 16)
Primary Sources
•Pro-Slavery
◦George Fitzhugh Advocates Slavery
◦Dr. Cartwright Explains the Diseases and Peculiarities of the Negro Race
◦James Henry Hammond Advocates Slavery
◦Edmund Ruffin Explains the Political Economy of Slavery
•Abolitionists
◦David Walker’s Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
◦Frederick Douglass, “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”
◦The American Antislavery Society’s Declaration of Sentiments
◦Angelina Grimke Weld Appeals to Southern Women
Focus Questions
•What stereotypes do these documents promote about African Americans?
•According to the documents, what attitudes did these authors have about slavery, whether they were slavery proponents or abolitionists?
•For those who supported slavery, how did they justify slavery? For those who opposed slavery, what points did they make about the need to abolish slavery and what did they think should happen to the former slaves?
•How did these authors envision civilized society and slavery’s place in it? What remarks do the proslavery or antislavery writers make about the conditions under which the slaves worked and lived?
•In what ways were the arguments of these author’s reflective of racial prejudice in the nineteenth century?
Instructions
For your essay, you must read the primary sources listed above and examine the descriptions of, and defense or attack of slavery offered in the documents. You may also wish to consult History in the Making, Chapter 13. DO NOT USE OUTSIDE SOURCES FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT. If you feel as though you need additional resources, I must approve those sources before you turn in your paper.
After selecting one side of the debate, write a two to three page essay (between 500 and 750 words) that addresses the focus questions. The final essay should not be about what you believe about slavery then or now. It is an opportunity for you to study these documents to understand what people believed in the 1800s and why they believed it. In other words, no matter what you personally feel, you need to look at this intellectually and take your emotions out of the mix. Your essay should have an introduction, supporting paragraphs, and a conclusion. In the supporting paragraphs, you should include specific examples to support of your position (quotations or paraphrases) from the primary sources for this activity.
You must also follow the conventions of grammar, style, and citations covered in a freshman level composition course. Regarding grammar and style, you should proofread your work carefully because spell and grammar check do not catch all errors. FYI: It is best to write about the past in the past tense as the events you discuss have long since ended. If you struggle with grammar and spelling, you have the option to submit your essay to Smarthinking Online Tutoring for assistance. Regarding citations, you must provide full citations in MLA or Turabian format for all of the information you looked up in your sources and you must include a works cited page for those sources.
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