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The charts and the paper need to be completed. In the following exercise, you will
return to the file “Evergreen Data” available on eCommons, and explore the
distribution of specific gravestone attributes over time, drawing inferences about
the nature of culture change in 19th and 20th century Santa Cruz over time.
Grading
Your paper will be graded on the following basis. The assignment is worth a total
of 100 points and will count as 10% of your total grade. The data and images
generated by your analysis must be presented as part of the paper and is worth
30 points. The discussion of the methods used in your analysis study in the first
part of the paper is worth 20 points. The second part of the paper, where you use
your analysis to make interpretations 30 points. The final 20 points are for the
form of your paper, including spelling and grammar. Your paper should be a
minimum of 4 and no more than 5 pages. It must be typed, double spaced and
should include additional pages for charts and images. Your essay is due in
discussion section Week 11 (the last week of class).
Part One: Collecting and Organizing your Data
Return to the “EvergreenData.xls” spreadsheet you used for Assignment 2. For
this analysis you will ONLY use the sample of data derived by random 49
sampling. Note that a number of variables are listed (Gravestone Type, Material
Type, Motif). Please refer to the file “EvergreenGravestoneKey.pdf” for discussion
and example of each variable recorded. In this exercise you will examine
“Gravestone Type” and “Motif” alone.
Sort your data by date of death (we are assuming that this approximates the
date the gravestone was made). Group the individual gravestones into 20-year
time blocks using the date of death. For each variable, determine the relative
frequency of each value in every time block (make a table similar to the
example below). You need to compute the percentage of each value of Variable
1, and percentage of each value of Variable 2, respectively, for the first time
block, the second, and so forth.
Refresher on how to do this: Either use the “%” function key on a calculator or
in Excel OR Add up the total number of all values in Variable 1 in your first time
block [example: flowers=8 + religious symols=10 + doves=5 + urns=2 = 25
total], then divide each individual value’s number by the total you got, then
multiply your decimal result x 100 [example: doves=5/25 = .20 x 100 = 20%].
Use a sheet of graph paper to display percentages for the first variable and its
values. Use pencil at least for the first attempt. Refer to the example included in
the Workbook to guide your layout.
• The vertical axis should show the time blocks used, and the horizontal axis
of the graph should show the relative frequencies of the different values of
the variable.
• Choose an appropriate scale to display your data effectively (for example:
1 inch = 20%) and draw in the respective percentages as bars on your
paper.
• Remember to center each percentage bar in each time block over the
other (don’t left-justify the blocks), so that you can see whether the
changes in percent frequencies over time look lens-shaped. See Kelly and
Thomas, figures 5-3, 5-4, and 6-6 for some examples of frequency
seriations and lenticular “battleship curves.”
Do the same for the other variables/values and percentages
Part Two: Interpreting the Data
Now that you have identified general trends in the data over time. You are ready to make
interpretations about the nature of cultural change over time. In doing so, refer to the
following questions, buy you may add any additional insights you may have.
1) Which monument types and motifs where most common in the 19th Century? The 20th Century?
Describe the overall pattern of change over time.
2) Do the observed changed relate to cultural change? Class? Regional economy? Something else?
3) What interpretations can you make about the changing nature of cultural ideology at
Evergreen over the course of this period?
4) What CAN’T you say about culture and ideology from this data?
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