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NIMS and the ICS did not emerge spontaneously. The Incident Command System was developed in the early 1970s. NIMS was implemented in 2004. Consider each in terms of: (1) what issues spurred their development; (2) what concerns were they attempting to address; and, (3) how they have contributed to changes in the relationships between governments, between organizations, and between the public and private sectors.
In your discussion, consider either the professional, organizational, ethical, or financial implications of not complying with NIMS or of not using the ICS.
READING RESOURCES
Unit 2 ? NIMS and the Local and Regional Response
Introduction
One of the primary objectives for establishment of a National Incident Management System (NIMS) and National Response Framework (NRF) is to standardize the response by authorities such as layers of public safety agencies and variant private sector entities. This is necessary based on the fragmented structure of these public and private entities and the need to coordinate a response in one geographic area. Public safety agencies have evolved and developed in a provincial and fragmented manner. There is often significant overlap in that one geographic area?a local, county, and state public safety agency may have jurisdiction as well as other public safety agencies such as fire suppression service and emergency service personnel. This presents another conflict that NIMS attempts to address. The essential issue during an emergency becomes, ?Who is in charge??. NIMS and NRF attempt to ameliorate these issues by providing an Incident Command System (ICS) with detailed tasks, duties, and responsibilities for each public safety agency.
Complicating this issue is the role of the Private Sector and private sector organizations. Private sector organizations have a critical role in NIMS, however, the objectives of Private Sector organizations are to protect the interest(s) of that organization and not necessarily the overall operation of the emergency incident. Standardization of an Incident Management system is a necessity based on these confluent issues in a rapidly evolving and changing environment.
Classification of Disasters
The classification of disasters is the first step in developing and improving on first response and operations from a planning and training perspective. The primary operational issue at the scene of a disaster or emergency regarding type of disaster is an early determination as to whether the incident was natural or compelled by human action. Actions compelled by human action can be intentional or accidental. There are 17 types of disasters according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
The chart that follows is a matrix of the 17 types of disasters and whether they are categorized as natural or compelled by human action. Terrorism and terror acts are the majority of disasters compelled by human action, followed by accidents. Several types of disasters can be classified as both natural and compelled by human action.
This table classifies the different types of disasters. The classification identifies if they are caused by natural or compelled by human actions.
* Note: The italics are not included in FEMA?s Types of Disasters.
The National Incident Management System was designed to assist local and regional responders to disasters and coordinate the response and operation. Part of that response is pre-planning and development, and tailoring a standardized response around the different types of disasters. For example, a disaster involving a potential criminal act may be handled differently than a true natural disaster or an accident. This unit is designed to provide you with an overview of the different types of disasters and asks you to research the types of disasters in your home state or region.
Reference
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2006). Learn about the types of disasters. Last accessed June 13, 2007, from http://www.fema.gov/hazard/types.shtm
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