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Three words for Terrain, designating “absolutely flat,” “rolling,” and “slightly hilly.”
No word for Ocean
Dozens of terms for grains, including eight for wheat alone.
Several words for Children, some of which translate as “wise small one,” “innocent leader,” and “little stargazer.”
Seven terms to describe the stages of life up to puberty; only one term to describe life from puberty to death.
The word for sex translates as “to plant a wise one.”
Terms for woman are synonymous with “wife and mother.”
Terms for man are synonymous with “husband and father”
Twenty words for book.
No words for violent conflict or war.
Nine words for artist.
Terms for praise translate as “peacemaker” and “conciliator”
Words designating cow, pig, calf, and sheep but no terms for beef, pork, veal, leather, or mutton.
Several words for precipitation, most translating as “rain,” only one meaning “snow.”
Several words for leader, but all are plural
Four words meaning theatre
The Topic:
Write an essay in which you characterize the society that uses this language. (Consider giving a name to this tribe to help focus your sentences.)
As you analyze the language, you will be reconstructing a culture. Obviously, because the data are limited, you will have to make a few educated guesses and qualify conclusions carefully. (“Perhaps,” “possibly,” “one might conclude,” “the evidence suggests,” and similar hedges will be useful.)
The Approach:
Examine and group the data; look for patterns.
Draw inferences, depending only on the data given.
Be sure to use all the data.
Cite evidence to support these inferences – be sure to base all your conclusions on the linguistic evidence provided. Do not draw inferences that you don’t support with specific examples. Explain your line of reasoning – how and why the data lead to the inferences you have made.
The Structure:
The opening section of any essay must provide readers with the necessary background information. In this case: What information do you have? How have you come by this information? What are you going to attempt to do with this information?
Each supporting paragraph sould deal with one distinct aspect of the civilization. Arrange the paragraphs so you can move smoothly from one paragraph to the next.
Some possbilities for the conclusion of the essay: What general conclusion(s) can you come to about this society based on the more specific conclusion you have presented in the supporting paragraphs? Is there any overall point you want to make about this society?
OR
What do you find admirable about this society? Do you have any criticisms of the society?
OR
Do you have any questions about the society?
Of course, the conclusion can deal with more than one of these possibilities.
Audience and Purpose
You have a wide range of possibilities here; we leave the choice to you. Your paper may assume the form of a report, scholarly or simply informative, directed to any audience you choose. It may be a letter to a personal friend or fictional colleague. It may be a traditional essay for an audience unfamiliar with the assignment, explaining what the language tells us about the people who use or used it. What is crucial for success is that you, as the reporter-writer, assume that you have not seen this tribe and have no firsthand evidence of it. You will also assume that your reader does not have a copy of this assignment; it is up to you to cite all the specific evidence (the terms given in the list) to justify your inferences.
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