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After selecting a film that has a New Testament reference, write a four page essay that 1] describes the context of both the film and the passage; and 2] compare and contrast the context of both around a theme, character, symbol or concept and how the film transforms the New Testament text. N.B. a] you are free to choose any film you would like; I have attached in the folder a list of ?Non-explicit films? (those where the New Testament quotation is not explicit, but more thematic or symbolic) and ?Jesus or Christ Films? (more explicit parallels to the Jesus figure.) b] below I include a suggested way to approach uncovering the context of the New Testament passage.
Directions: For both projects select two biblical references in the fiction or film and after getting some understanding of the passage write an essay about it and what the reference reveals about the fiction or film.
Step by step suggestions for analyzing a Scripture passage (pericope)
(These are not meant to be rigorously followed but are some of the many angles that might help in studying the meaning of a text (?close reading?). Also note that steps 1-11 precede step 12. Some suggest that after step 1 you write your first impressions of the passage others that you list questions that immediately spring to mind on the passage.)
1. Read through your pericope closely. This will usually involve taking your motif, character or word/quote and situating it within a longer unit of meaning. Your passage should be part of a larger sense unit ? able to make sense if it stands alone. (In other words, avoid taking a few phrases or parts of a sentence out of context. Assure that it makes sense if it had to stand alone.) Read it through carefully several times. Ask yourself what you think it means? What are the parts of the passage that are difficult to understand? What words do you need to look up in order to understand it better? What is its central point? What are the images in the passage that require deeper probing? You might wish to consult a ?Bible Dictionary? to assist with unique biblical words, images or concepts.
2. Investigate the historical setting/context (Sitz im Leben). This involves the historical context of the entire book in which your passage appears. Try to identify the sources of the book ? Author(s), if it is possible? Who are the recipients of this text? For whom and why was it written? (Good resources here are ?Commentaries.? There are any number of commentaries both online and in the library on every single book of the Bible. The questions in this section are usually dealt with at the very beginning of the commentary. N.B. Please use current commentaries published after 1980 because there is a tremendous amount of recent development in the area of Biblical Studies.)
3. Delineate the larger setting of the pericope under study. What goes before and comes after your pericope? Attempt to locate your pericope in the argument of the wider book. (Commentaries help here.) Other questions that might be helpful here: What does this passage add to the story? What would the story be like without this passage?
4. Study the pericope at the word-level. Are there words that you do not understand or are used in a specialized manner? (Consult concordance and bible dictionary.) Are there words used by the author for the first time or are they a development of what has gone before? Check annotations at the bottom of the specific book of the Bible for clues to alternate word use.
5. (Sometimes trying to write the text in your own words with steps 2-3-4 in mind crystallizes the meaning more for you.)
6. Study the historical-cultural-sociological background. What in the passage that would not be obvious to contemporary readers would be clear to the original audience? (Commentaries helpful here.)
7. Describe the genre or formal characteristics of the pericope. What type of literary form is the pericope? (Commentaries usually classify the passage according to genre at the beginning of the analysis.)
8. If the subject is treated in another book by the same or another author, you might investigate how it is the same and/or different. What accounts for the difference or sameness?
9. Take into consideration the broader biblical contexts. Do other passages in the Bible (both Hebrew Scriptures and New Testament) help us to understand this passage?
10. Consult secondary literature. Secondary sources are commentaries, books written on the biblical book in which your pericope appears or books written on the theme or subject of your pericope.
11. Now, examine the passage as it appears in the specific fiction or film where you identified it. Note the similarities and/or differences between the cinematic ?quotation? and the understanding in the Biblical text. What does this cinematic account do with the biblical text? Does it change the story and/or its meaning in any way? Can you identify how the cinematic ?quotation? works in the larger film? Is there a discernible reason for the use of the biblical reference in this way? Does the new understanding in the film update and improve the biblical reference or detract from it?
12. Writing the essay: 4 type-written, double spaced pages with one-inch margins (25-28 lines per page). Paragraphs are generally a minimum of three and a maximum of ten sentences. Please proofread your essay before submitting it to assure you have followed the rules of standard written English and removed spelling and typing errors. When directly quoting or borrowing an idea from a source please document it in the paper enclosed in parentheses, as follows: (author’s name, title, page#). When citing from the Bible, merely cite book name, chapter and verse (Ex. Mk. 6:21-22).
13. Essay Structure: In the first paragraph, please state the main idea, theme or question of the essay and how you are going to develop the idea. Succeeding paragraphs develop this idea, then in the concluding paragraph, please summarize the points you have made.
14. Bibliography: Please attach a bibliography of the works you referenced or consulted in researching your paper.
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