A qualitative research proposal of mental health Nurses’ well‐being in a hospital working with adults who suffer from bipolar disorder Custom Essay

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A qualitative research proposal of mental health Nurses’ well‐being in a hospital working with adults who suffer from bipolar disorder.

Form of data collecting – use interviews only

Participants number- only 10 participants

Word count: 2000

1. Define well being as a whole, 2. Define well being in work environment and 3. Define well being in nurses’ place of work ( hospital)

Introduction
This is headed with the title of your study. The first couple of sentences should outline the
research proposal so that the reader knows what the focus is from the outset, and an applied rationale for conducting the qualitative research in an external organisation. Remember, this is a proposal for an external organisation so you need to inform them about what you are proposing to study, and why, at the very start so they are not left guessing until the rationale/aims/research question (to some extent you are persuading the external organisation of the merits of your research). The Introduction should then continue with a review of the relevant literature (qualitative and quantitative where necessary, but with an emphasis on the qualitative literature, a rationale for your present study (including ‐ but not only ‐ why qualitative methodology is appropriate; however no details of the methodology here, as these will be revealed in the Method section), which in turn should lead to your formally stated aim, your initial research question, and a further research question of your own devising (you may have more than one further question if you wish). [For some more regarding the Introduction, see the section

‘Background to the research proposal ‐ literature review’

Your aim and research question will only need a few lines, and they end the Introduction
section. However, these few lines have a pivotal importance in a research proposal, so the next paragraphs and the suggested reading discuss some key considerations about aims and
research questions in qualitative proposals and eventual studies.
For the qualitative research proposal, the aim of this study will be to gain a greater
understanding of well‐being at work. The initial research question should address the
experience of well‐being for people in a specific work location of your choosing. The initial
research question should either be a ‘what?’ or a ‘how?’ question.
Be mindful that research questions are NOT questions you would directly ask the participants (for instance if interviewing them – that type of question is known as an interview question). Instead, in exploratory qualitative research, research questions are used in place of the hypotheses found in quantitative studies. Research questions are used to focus qualitative analysis, and as reference points for conclusions to be drawn.
Based on your increasing familiarity with the topic area from your review of the literature,

you are expected to formulate one additional research question of your own (or more).

Your further research questions need to be consistent with your original aim, and should be more specific than the initial research question. An initial research question should be sufficiently broad to allow for unexpected issues to be included in the study. Further research questions can then be more focused, but, unlike hypotheses, they should not be looking for confirmation or rebuttal, or the presence or absence of anything. See the Crowley (2010) chapter (pp. 234‐ 235) regarding formulating and wording research questions in qualitative research designs. It must be clear that you should not infer any causal relationship in a qualitative study such as you are proposing. The above aim and initial research question are carefully worded to avoid any causal inference. They can serve as a model, to avoid slipping any causal inference into your further research question/s. Be alert that words such as ‘affect’ (the verb) and ‘effect’ (the noun), ‘influence’ and ‘impact’ all signify causal relationships, so must be avoided. Furthermore, you should not be seeking to generalise from an exploratory qualitative study. This is why the initial research question is focused on ‘the participants’ rather than ‘workers’ in general. So you should keep this focus on the particular (rather than the general) in the further research question/s you develop.

Method
Please see the Crowley (2010) chapter, together with the lecture notes on Qualitative report writing for a guide to the required structure and expected content for the method section of this report (using the eight sub‐sections: Design, Participants, Methodological theory,

Method of data collection, Procedure, Ethical considerations, Analytic strategy, Reflexivity).
In APA style, Headings are centred and sub‐headings are flush left. Headings are given in
Regular Font style, whereas sub‐headings are given in Italic Font style. Do not underline, do not use bold, do not use a different font size. Do use only plain font such as Calibri or Times New Roman consistently, for both the main text and all headings.

Reminder: while your report will follow APA style, the Methods section should be written in the future tense for research proposals only (as opposed to the APA style of past tense) given that the research has not yet been conducted.

[Note that this ‘Instructions for Lab Report 2’ document overall, does not follow APA style (it is only an instruction document after all!). However, as an example for you, this page and the remainder follow APA headings styles as you should use them in your method section and subsections of your proposal.]

Design
Regarding design, see Crowley (2010) p. 236 as a starting point. This, in turn, refers you to
Robson (2002) for further reading on the key issue regarding your proposed design – that it will be a flexible, qualitative design rather than being fixed (as all quantitative designs have to be, and some qualitative designs may be). Be aware, however, that using unstructured interviews, and using thematic analysis, are not reasons why the design could be called flexible (even though both are methods ‐ of data collection and analysis, respectively ‐ that do offer some kinds of flexibility in use). The flexibility of relevance to design relates to the issue of the possibility of the focus of the enquiry progressively evolving in the course of the study, e.g., with further research questions being developed during the analysis, amongst other possibilities. It is all about aiming to explore, in contrast to aiming to confirm or test.

Participants
This sub‐section should describe the characteristics of the population to be investigated and the strategy for the selection and recruitment of the research participants. The proposed number of participants should be given (for 3rd Year projects, recruitment of 10 participants would typically be the target for qualitative projects using in‐depth interviews, so it would be appropriate to specify this number in your qualitative research proposal). Also indicate
selection criteria such as the age range and genders to be recruited, and perhaps any culturally distinguishing features relevant to the research, giving some explanation of the need for these inclusion criteria or any exclusion criteria. A ‘sample of convenience’ may well be selected in student research. ‘Purposive sampling’ (seeking participants with particular characteristics) might be an advantage. Purposive sampling might either have the aim of achieving a homogenous sample (prioritizing similarity) a comparative sample (prioritizing difference, as in cross‐cultural studies) or a diverse sample (maximizing differences to gain multiple perspectives). Recruitment will be within an external organisation, and consideration of how selection of participants will conducted is necessary. See Crowley (2010) pp. 237‐238 for some further considerations re participants.

Methodological theory
Regarding methodological theory, state that a thematic analysis will be carried out, as proposed by Braun and Clarke (2006). For your own understanding of this, and to develop this methods sub‐section, you should carefully read their journal article (see further reading section) so that you can briefly discuss which sort of thematic analysis you have used, from the standpoints they consider [for example, a rich description of the data set, or a detailed account of one particular aspect (p. 7); inductive versus theoretical thematic analysis (pp. 7‐8); semantic or latent themes (p. 8); essentialist/realist versus constructionist thematic analysis (p. 9)?]. This sub‐section should not include details of the steps, or ‘phases’, of carrying out Braun and Clarke’s approach to thematic analysis, because that should be covered in the sub‐section, Analytic strategy (see below) and you should not have any unnecessary repetition.

Method of data collection
Regarding the method of data collection, state that in‐depth semi‐structured interviews will be used. You can then discuss the merits of this kind of interview versus structured kinds. For further reading see chapters by Hugh‐Jones (2010), Burman (in Banister et al, 1994) and Willig (2008, pp. 23‐27), and reference them or other appropriate reading in this subsection.
This sub‐section can also be the place to note that interviews will be audio‐recorded and
subsequently transcribed verbatim (word for word). If you were to propose semi‐structured or structured interviews in your ethical submission, at this stage you would also have to fully develop your Interview Schedule (sometimes alternatively called an Interview Guide or Topic Guide), and attach it to your proposal as an appendix. [If, instead, you were to propose an ‘unstructured’ or unstandardised, narrative style interview (in which participants are invited to take the lead in talking about what most interests them about the topic, and simply asked where they would like to begin) the ethical committee would expect, in place of an Interview Schedule, an attached explanation about the implications of the unstructured approach you propose.]

procedure
This sub‐section should be succinct and not over long (a common failing). For example, as
interview methods are indicated for this qualitative research proposal, you should state the
type of location used and the typical length of interviews (for in‐depth interviews, a typical
duration of an hour would be expected, and it is not a good idea to state ‘not more than’
because if any participant is still giving valuable information at that point, the last thing you
should be doing is prematurely ending the interview because you have promised a maximum time limit). Also include whether audio recorded, how consent will be obtained, how the interview schedule or topic guide will be used (prompts and probes, or more formal questions? in fixed or varying order?), and that debriefing will take place (see Crowley, 2010, p. 239).

Ethical considerations
This sub‐section should refer to the BPS ethical guidelines. An ethics committee submission
requires quite a lot of detailed documentation, and there several issues that differ for
qualitative proposals compared to quantitative proposals. Because of word‐length constraints, this sub‐section must contain just a summary of the key issues, which would be fully discussed in the substantial appendix material required for the ethical submission. Nonetheless, issues such as the participants’ rights not to talk about anything they do not wish to are answer any question they do not wish to, to withdraw themselves and their data from the study , how their anonymity and confidentiality will be protected (more challenging with detailed personal qualitative data), how the data will be securely stored, if, when and why it will be destroyed (or if not, why not), and whether there will be provision for participants to be informed of relevant support services in debriefing, should they experience distress arising from their depth interview.

Analytic strategy

Regarding the analytic strategy, simply state that thematic analysis will be carried out according to the six phases set out (or, given/described/proposed) by Braun and Clarke (2006). And just name the six phases using the terms for them in their journal article, rather than putting them in your own words. Write this as a continuous sentence, perhaps using semi‐colons (;) to separate the names of the phases, rather than laid out as a line‐by‐line list. Any more detail here could leave you short of words to use in other parts of your proposal, where you might really need them.

Reflexivity
Regarding reflexivity, this sub‐section should summarise your understanding of the purpose of reflexivity as a criterion for furthering the quality of qualitative research, with some references to the literature. There are various ways to be reflexive, so here you should also explain how you intend to be reflexive in the study you are proposing to do. Willig (2008, pp 10‐11) distinguishes between personal reflexivity and epistemological reflexivity, for example. Also see Crowley (2010) p. 240, which suggests further reading on reflexivity.

Business Case
At the end of the proposal you should include a brief business case for your evaluation of staff well‐being in the organization you have designed the proposed research for. The business case should only be approximately 100‐150 words, but should include a rationale for why your research would be beneficial for the organization you have chosen, as well as an estimated cost for the research. You should base your costs on the:
1. number of hours you will require to collect data
2. number of hours required to analyse the data
3. number of hours required to transcribe the data
4. number of hours required to produce the final report
5. cost for audio recording equipment
You can charge £250 per hour for your time, and use the following website to assist with finding a cost for audio recording equipment:
http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/resource/audio/recording.html
[Please note: this is only a guide. You will need to choose one type of device, and then search for one that is available online. You must provide a web link to the device you find in order to confirm its exact cost]
Provide a breakdown of costs for each of the five components as well as the total cost overall. You might find that this information is best presented in a table at the end of your proposal.

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