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The Assignment
In his discussion of “The Problem of the Criterion”, Chisholm describes what he takes to be an important puzzle that besets the task of building a theory of knowledge. He calls this the problem of the diallelus (or, in English, “the wheel” or “the vicious circle”). Chisholm also describes three general approaches to this problem, namely, particularism, methodism and skepticism. Your tasks in this essay are as follows:
a) Decide on which of the three approaches you think is the most reasonable.
b) Present the views of one philosopher from the course (other than Chisholm) that you think best exemplifies the approach you’ve decided upon, briefly showing where an how their ideas exemplify the approach. (e.g. Descartes, Locke, Moore or Wittgenstein may each be good potential choices here, depending on which approach you favour.)
c) Provide a critical discussion of why you think the approach you’ve chosen is preferable to the alternatives. That is, give your reasons for favouring your preferred “ism”, making reference to the philosopher you’ve discussed as an example where appropriate.
In the PDF file provided, you can find the philosophers by typing the following numbers into the number slot in front of /864 (you might have to scroll down a little bit in the PDF file after searching the number to find the exact article)
Chisholm 162 (Main philosopher being reviewed)
Choose one of the following philosophers for part b
Descartes 111, 442
Locke 120, 340
Moore 147
Wittgenstein 150 sections 1-25, 32-37, 93-96, 112-192
Structure
Your introductory paragraph should briefly introduce the problem of the diallelus and identify
(without going into any significant detail) which approach to the problem you take to be most
reasonable.
2. In the second paragraph, it would be useful to give a very brief overview of the three
approaches to the problem Chisholm discusses. Give just enough detail so that the reader
can appreciate the core ideas of each approach and appreciate the differences between
them.
3. The remainder of the paper should be given over to the tasks listed above in the topic section.
Once you have completed these tasks, it would be worth closing with a very brief concluding
paragraph.
4. In all of the above, it is important to try to represent the ideas and arguments of the
philosophers you deal with in your own words. Direct quotations should be kept brief (one or
two sentences max.) and should only be used to illustrate or emphasize ideas you’ve already
described in your own terms.
5. Bear in mind that this is a short paper and you will have to be selective in the materials you
choose to discuss. Part of your task here is to use your judgement in deciding what to
include and what to exclude. Do your best to be clear, concise and economical in presenting
the key ideas of your work
.
2. Citations:
This is not a research essay. It is therefore strongly advised that you restrict your attention to the
relevant readings from the textbook, rather than trying to find additional sources either in the
library or on the web.
The following format suffices for citing readings from the textbook: For a reference to p. 155 of
Chisholm’s article, for example, simply insert “(Chisholm, 155)” after the relevant passage of
your discussion. Use in-text references of this format whenever you directly quote, paraphrase,
or otherwise represent ideas from the text.
You should also provide in-text citations when you are representing ideas from relevant lectures.
E.g., for a reference to Lecture 2 from Module 6, insert “(L2, M6)” after the relevant passage of
your discussion.
A separate Works Cited list is unnecessary if your only sources are the textbook and lectures
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