Development in europe since 1990As Chambers, et al, point out in Chapter Thirty, a host of developments have fundamentally altered European identity during the past twenty years (Chambers, 954). For our last course discussion, describe which of the following changes has been most significant for the transformation of Europe since the end of the Cold War: the collapse of the Soviet Union, the rise of the European Union, the influx of immigrants to Europe from the former colonized countries, or the impact of globalization upon European society. How successfully do you think Europe has navigated through these changes over the past two decades? What role do you foresee Europe playing in the wider world during the coming years?Your answer should include citations in chicago styleReferences:you will need to read Chapter Thirty of The Western Experience (pp. 814-911) as well as the primary sources listed below.Europe Since the Cold WarChapter Thirty closes the book with a discussion of developments in Europe following the end of the Cold War. The chapter begins by describing the fall of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, including the failure of the Soviet model, signs of which had begun to be seen as early as the 1970s. After detailing some of the reasons for this failure, the authors describe the Miracles of 1989, including freedom movements in Poland and Hungary, and the collapse of the Berlin Wall on November 9, which symbolized the end of partition in Germany. As momentum built, dictatorships collapsed in Bulgaria and Romania, and the Soviet Union itself disintegrated following a failed coup against Gorbachev by hardliners from the KGB.With the Cold War at an end, some countries unified (Germany) while others collapsed (Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia), former communist countries struggled to make the transition to free societies, while new immigrants spread throughout the European continent. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, significant changes took place within Russia. However, no former communist country found the transition to free markets more difficult than did the former heartlands of the Soviet state (Chambers, 924). Your text discusses some of the main changes that took place within Russia, acknowledging that although the new Russia supposedly has moved closer to Western models of economics and politics . . . a huge gulf . . . continues to separate it from Europe and the United States (Chambers, 925).While the Soviet Union was coming apart, the European states were drawing together. Your text discusses the rise of the European Union, which emerged from prior organizations such as the Council of Europe and the European Economic Community (Common Market). A key turning point in the creation of the European Union was the Single European Act of 1986, which declared that by the end of 1992 there would no longer be any restrictions within the Community on the movement of goods, services, labor, or capital (Chambers, 927). In 1992, the Maastricht Treaty enlarged the powers of (the EU) parliament and called for a coordinated foreign policy and the adoption of a common European currency by 1999 (Chambers, 927). The authors go on to discuss the expansion of the EU, the impact of the Global Age upon the European economy, and the development of a globalized society within Europe.The integration of European societies into one larger community created a number of issues, not the least of which was the problem of immigration from the former colonized countries to the lands of their previous colonizers. Regarding this issue, Chambers, et al, state As sizeable immigrant populations emerged, European nations faced a host of new issues concerning the accommodation of cultural difference (Chambers, 937). Your text discusses some of these issues in a section entitled The Politics of Immigration, including the subject of European immigration policy, the New Racism, the immigrant experience, cultural issues, and Europes Encounter with Islam (Chambers, 944). With large numbers of Muslims entering Europe during the past few decades, the question of how to integrate them into European society has proven to be very divisive and, some say, has contributed directly to the rise of radical Islam among disenfranchised European Muslim populations.The textbook concludes with a section entitled Europe in the Global Era (Chambers, 947). Topics discussed in this section include the rise of terrorism, Europes relationship with the United States, the European Social Contract, and Europes Changing Identity (Chambers, 952). In summary, Chambers, et al, state that In the past twenty years, a host of developments have fundamentally altered European identity (Chambers, 954). While the ongoing role of European societies in the future remains undetermined, the authors assert that Europe can continue to be a key protagonist in the global arena, one that plays a role in formulating the agenda of world politics (Chambers, 954).For this week, there are two primary sources found in Chambers. These include Havels Inaugural Address (p. 920) and A Turkish Girl Arrives in Germany (p. 943) in Chapter Thirty.
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