In the pre-Socratic period, Heraclitus argued that our understanding of the world is always changing; and (2) The post-Socratic period in which Zeno and Plato argued that the world has a permanent structure Custom Essay

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(1) In the pre-Socratic period, Heraclitus argued that our understanding of the world is always changing; and (2) The post-Socratic period in which Zeno and Plato argued that the world has a permanent structure, and this structure can eventually be unders

I. In the West, philosophical speculation arose in ancient Greece. Two views of knowledge arose: (1) In the pre-Socratic period, Heraclitus argued that our understanding of the world is always changing; and (2) The post-Socratic period in which Zeno and Plato argued that the world has a permanent structure, and this structure can eventually be understood.
What do our discussions of the history and method of science (in lectures, in class notes, and in the readings) suggest about these two positions. For example, is one, or both of these consistent with the ?modern? analyses in the history and philosophy of science literature. Be specific with respect to authors and their ideas.
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The essay is not a full blown research paper. (Remember the lengths ? a maximum of 6 pages. You are expected to use the relevant materials from the reading list, the lectures, the class notes, and the textbook. And you should cite references when relevant. The easiest way to do this is some version of the standard convention used in scientific journals. All references should be made in the body of the text. Consider the following examples.
(1) A direct quote: ?Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Robert Malthus, and John Stuart Mill shared in common essentially one dynamic model of equilibrium growth and distribution.? (Samuelson, 1978, p.1)
(2) A general idea from a paper: Samuelson (1978) argued that the classical economists used the tools and knowledge at their disposal to answer the same types of questions that interest today?s economists.
(3) Class notes: Hynes (2008) argued that, despite Karl Popper?s claim, the logical positivists were well aware of David Hume?s argument about induction.
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References are then listed alphabetically by author. in the Bibliography. If there is more than one reference for an author, they should be ordered by date, with the earliest first. Examples are given below.
Davis, Lance E. and Douglass C. North, Institutional Change and American Economic Growth. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1971.
Hynes, J. Allan. Notes on the Philosophy and Method of Science, Class Notes. ECO 322. University of Toronto at Mississauga, 2008).
Popper, Karl. The logic of Scientific Discovery. London: Hutchinson, 1959.
Samuelson, Paul A. ?A Canonical Classical Model of Political Economy,? Journal of Economic
Literature, December, 1978.
Note: You may use footnotes. If you do, put them at the bottom of the page. However, be parsimonious with references. The readers are familiar with the materials.

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