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Write a critical review on the article that you select. Your review must do several things:
? Give a brief outline (4 paragraphs maximum) of the main claim(s) that the author is
making about the Qur�an.
? Locate the article within the six categories of the approaches to the Qur�an given by Farid
Esack that we discussed in class at the beginning of the semester, and explain in detail
why it belongs to this category.
The six categories:
(1) Ordinary Muslims: These are �average� believers, who read the Qur�an as a devotional
act and reverence it as God�s word, but have not studied it at an advanced level. They do
not typically examine its textual history or concern themselves with the details of how it
is interpreted.
(2) Confessional Muslim scholars: These are believing Muslims who have studied the
Qur�an and its interpretation at an advanced level, often though not always at a Muslim
institution of higher learning (such as al-Azhar, the Islamic University of Medina, etc).
However, some have studied at secular universities, or have gained their knowledge
through personal, informal study. They write about the Qur�an from a religious
perspective, and their primary purpose is to convince others to believe and practice Islam
as they do. Their writings may be addressed primarily to other Muslims, or to people in
general. Some write detailed commentaries on the Qur�an, others may write about its
history, or debate claims made about the Qur�an by non-Muslim writers.(3) Critical Muslim scholars: These are also believing Muslims who have studied the
Qur�an and its interpretation at an advanced level. They may also have studied at a
Muslim institute of higher learning. The key difference between them and confessional
Muslim scholars is that their writings are not motivated by a desire to convince others to
share their religious beliefs or practices. They ask and seek to answer critical questions
about the Qur�an�s history, literary features, interpretation, etc.
(4) Participant-observers: They have typically studied the Qur�an at an advanced level at a
secular university. While they are not believing Muslims, they study the Qur�an and/or
how it has been interpreted with an evident sensitivity to Muslim beliefs and attitudes.
They generally accept traditional Muslim views about the origins and history of the
Qur�an. They too ask and seek to answer critical questions various aspects of the
Qur�an�s history, as well as how particular Muslim cultures of groups past or present
experience or understand the Qur�an.
(5) Revisionists: They have studied the Qur�an at an advanced level, usually at a secular
university. They offer new theories about the origins and development of the Qur�an, that
differ significantly from traditional Muslim views on these issues. While other academic,
non-revisionist scholars may not agree with their views, they do concede that
revisionists� theories have some basis in historical evidence and rational argument. Their
scholarship is not motivated by religious beliefs.
(6) Polemicists: They may or may not have studied the Qur�an at an advanced level. They
are not usually academics. Their motivation for writing about the Qur�an varies, but it is
typically because they want to convert others to their religion or ideological viewpoint.
They may selectively quote from (or link to) books or articles by academics, but the
overall tone of their writings is polemical.
Your review must clearly state in the opening paragraph which category the article that you have
chosen best fits into (bearing in mind that these are general categories, and not every piece of
writing on the Qur�an will fit neatly into one of them). Explain in detail why you are
categorizing the article in this way. Give specific example demonstrating why this category is the
best fit.
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