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Dissertation Instructions
• The word limit does not include the Abstract, References or Appendices
• Length ,6500 words
• Use Arial
• 11- point size
• 1.5× line spacing
• Justified on both sides
• Leave a line between paragraphs
• Number the chapters; start each chapter on new page
• You can also number the 2nd-level headings but do not use a very complicated system of numbered headings
• Number the pages and include a table of contents
• Do not number the paragraphs
• Include appendices of diagrams and statistics used to support the dissertation
• Only use UK writer
• Ensure English grammar is used (No Americanisms to be used)
• 90% of research collected must be from UK authoritive sources.
• Compile a list of Links for any information used, so it can be revised by myself
• Cover all points set out in the following table
The research question and research design
Clear aims and objectives
An appropriate research strategy to address them
Pitched at a sufficient academic level
Literature review
Identifying and describing key documents, including some recent research
Evaluation of the quality of sources
Show their relevance to the research
Data collection
Data collection procedures discussed and justified
Detailed description of the procedures used
Clearly presented results
Analysing and drawing conclusions
Data analysis to be justified and explained
A good flow of argument
Conclusions which follow from the data presented
Evaluation of limitations and uncertainties
Following the conventions for academic writing
A well-structured report
Accurate referencing
Use of graphics where they are helpful
Clear, correct and appropriate use of language
The Research question
Aims and Objectives
Research has been conducted separately regarding the approaches used for the treatment of stress within the military, police and nursing sectors. This study will comprise a systematic literature review of the available published research concerning each sector and compare them.
The research objectives are:
• To examine the approaches used for the treatment of stress within the military, police and NHS nursing sectors in the UK.
• To compare these approaches and account for differences.
• To make any recommendations that may emerge from the data concerning the effective availability of treatment for stress in each sector.
Background
Stress has been understood as a component of military service, both as occurring during active service, and as a component of post-traumatic stress for ex-servicemen and women (Rona et al., 2009a, pp.649-55; Rona et al., 2009b, p.11). Stress has not been as clearly recognised as a component of working in the police or nursing sectors (Green, 2004, p.101; Paton et al., 2009, p.7; McVicar, 2003, p.633). There are broad similarities to the ways in which stress has been encountered in these sectors, but the methods of treatment have often varied. In the police forces, educational initiatives and help lines have only recently become de rigeur (Green, 2004, p.101). Studies of post-traumatic disorder among police officers are particularly rare (ibid.). Some of the reasons for this variation can be the difference between how stress is understood between different police forces, or the fact that whereas the presence of stress is clear, its causes are not (Dick, 2009, p.182; Lucas, et al., 2012, p.1426). Likewise, in nursing, stress is identified as a component of the working environment, but methods by which this can be reduced or treated are less prevalent (Ulrich et al. 2010, p. 2510; McVicar, 2003, p.633; Mark & Smith, 2010, p.505). Studies have tended to focus on the ways in which stress is caused in these sectors, and less on what can be done to treat or alleviate it.
The different rate at which stress has been identified as a significant issue within each of these sectors has affected the way in which stress has been treated. In the military, post-traumatic stress has been evidenced for over a century (Rona et al., 2009a, p.649). Although indicators of stress have been identified in the police and nursing for thirty years, there is a significant debate as to how best deal with these factors or how to recognise specific causes (Mark & Smith, 2011, p.505). At the same time, there is a continuing debate to establish the most effective ways of dealing with the different forms of stress that affect military personnel (ibid.; Solomon, 1993, p.7). Although in many cases the elements of each work that trigger stress may be different, the approach to its treatment could be similar in terms of ensuring that there are adequate support networks and adequate publicity or educative initiatives (Dick, 2009, p.182; Mark & Smith, 2011, p.505. Although some research deals with the ways in which stress can be dealt with within each sector, there seems little comparative research that examines overall approaches and the cross fertilisation of material that informs treatment between the sectors.
Rationale
Throughout the recorded history of civilisation, there has been armed conflict. Warfare has been associated with advances in care for the wounded. Many of these advances when shown effective on the battlefield become incorporated into civilian health care (Baker, 2012, p.430). Anaesthetic, Infection control, the use of vaccines, plastic surgery was all developed by military, advances in blood storage for the battlefield led to the formation of the Red Cross and National Blood Transfusion Service (NHS 2013). Since 1905, combat-related psychological trauma has been increasingly recognised and described by terms such as shell shock and battle fatigue; it wasn’t until 1980 that Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was recognised by American Psychiatrists from soldiers returning from the Vietnam War (NHS 2013). This has led to policies and procedures by commanders to identify PTSD and similar stressors during conflict early so that treatment can be administered at the earliest opportunity. The adaption of these procedures and policies designed by the military could be used by the public sector services.
The rationale for this study would be to examine this lacuna, and attempt to complete a comparative study to examine how stress is treated differently between the sectors. There is an extent to which advances in the military can inform both the way in which stress is treated in the police and nursing sectors (Rona et al., 2009b, p.11). Likewise, the experiences of each sector can potentially inform the understanding of similarities between causes of stress (Mark & Smith, 2011, p.505). Research has tended to focus on the experience of stress within the single sector, and this research will attempt to compare the effects of this research in the experiences of receiving treatment.
Learning Outcomes
The learning outcomes for this study will be the critical skills required for conducting a large-scale research-based literature review. In this research, there is a need to sift a large body of data and drawing clear conclusions using objective.
Demonstrate the skills necessary for the production of a coherent and scholarly piece of work. Utilise and reflect on research methods appropriate to the topic.
Develop appropriate research and higher level literature searching and information retrieval skills.
Organise and manage a significant programme of independent study, including the ability to manage time, materials and ideas.
Study Design
The type of study envisaged for this project is a comparative systematic meta-review. This involves reviewing the literature available for the treatment available for stress in each of the sectors covered and extrapolating the key features.
The study design requires that a systematic literature review will be completed in the case of the broad subject area of the treatment of stress in the military, police and nursing sectors (Fink, 2010, p.55). These will be informed by the techniques required for an objective approach suggested by the literature. Once the key features of each sector have been extra
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