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For your research on the topic, “cats make better pets than dogs,” you found an article from the (fictitious) Journal of Animal-Human Interactions titled “Effects of Cat Ownership on Human Health,” by Felicia Katz, published in 2010. The article reports on a research study in which 100 people who owned cats and 100 people who had never owned a cat completed a survey on their current health. You want to cite the information from the following paragraph in your paper:
Non-cat owners were 5 times more likely to have suffered a heart attack, 10 times more likely to have been diagnosed with heart disease, and 12 times more likely to feel stressed at least one time per week. Cat owners who spent at least 2 hours petting their cats daily reported less stress, lower incidences of heart disease, and overall better general health.
Review the following options for integrating this information into your paper, and explain why each option does or does not represent plagiarism.
Option 1:
Research has shown that non-cat owners were 5 times more likely to have suffered a heart attack, 10 times more likely to have been diagnosed with heart disease, and 12 times more likely to feel stressed at least one time per week. Cat owners who spent at least 2 hours petting their cats daily reported less stress, lower incidences of heart disease, and overall better general health.
Option 2:
Research has shown that, “non-cat owners were 5 times more likely to have suffered a heart attack, 10 times more likely to have been diagnosed with heart disease, and 12 times more likely to feel stressed at least one time per week. Cat owners who spent at least 2 hours petting their cats daily reported less stress, lower incidences of heart disease, and overall better general health” (Katz, 2010, p. 21)
Option 3:
Research has shown that cats may provide health benefits to their owners. Katz (2010) found that people who spent time with their cats were far less likely to have serious health problems, such as heart attacks or heart disease, compared with people who don’t have cats.
Option 4:
Research has shown that cats may provide health benefits to their owners. Katz (2010) found that non-cat owners were 5 times more likely to have suffered a heart attack, and 10 times more likely to have been diagnosed with heart disease, compared with people who don’t have cats.
Scenario 2
You are writing a paper on the dangers of online social networking. You have found an article titled “Negative Impacts of Online Social Networking on Career and Educational Aspirations,” by N. O. Posting, published in the (fictitious) journal Modern Neoluddite in 2011. One paragraph you’d like to incorporate into your paper reads as follows:
A survey of 1,000 online social networking users found that, of the 86% who had applied for employment in the past year, one-quarter were not hired due to unfavorable postings on their social networking sites. Of the 32% who had applied for university, over half found it difficult to obtain admittance to the school of their choice, due to negative information found on their social networking sites.
Review the following options for integrating this information into your paper, and explain why each option does or does not represent plagiarism.
Option 1:
Careless involvement in online social networking can have serious life consequences. Posting’s (2011) survey of 1,000 online social networking users found that one-quarter were not hired due to unfavorable postings on their social networking sites, and over half found it difficult to obtain admittance to the university of their choice, due to negative information found on their social networking sites.
Option 2:
Careless involvement in online social networking can have serious life consequences. Posting’s (2011) survey of online social networking users found that a high percentage of employment applicants, and an even larger percentage of university applicants, were denied jobs or admission due to the poor image conveyed by their social networking activity.
Option 3:
Careless involvement in online social networking can have serious life consequences. Posting (2011) surveyed 1,000 online social networking users and found that, of the 86% who had applied for employment in the past year, one-quarter were not hired due to unfavorable postings on their social networking sites. Of the 32% who had applied for university, over half found it difficult to obtain admittance to the school of their choice, due to negative information found on their social networking sites.
Option 4:
Careless involvement in online social networking can have serious life consequences. Posting (2011), in a survey of 1,000 online social networking users found that, “of the 86% who had applied for employment in the past year, one-quarter were not hired due to unfavorable postings on their social networking sites. Of the 32% who had applied for university, over half found it difficult to obtain admittance to the school of their choice, due to negative information found on their social networking sites” (p. 42).
Scenario 3
For your research for a paper on the benefits of listening to music while studying, you have found an article in the (fictitious) journal International Perspectives on Entertainment and Learning. The article, published in 2009, is by Harmonie Smart, and titled “Increases in School Performance Among Music Listeners.” The paragraph that contains the key information you want to use in your paper reads as follows:
First-year university students who studied at least 2 hours per day, and listened to music while studying, scored an average of 24% higher on end-of-term exams compared with students who studied at least 2 hours per day but did not listen to music, and an average of 18% higher compared with students who studied at least 4 hours per day (more than 2 hours) and did not listen to music.
Review the following options for integrating this information into your paper, and explain why each option does or does not represent plagiarism.
Option 1:
Smart (2009) found that students who listened to music while studying did better on end-of-term exams than students who did not listen to music, including those who studied more.
Option 2:
Smart (2009) found that first-year university students who studied at least 2 hours per day and listened to music while studying scored, “an average of 24% higher on end-of-term exams compared with students who studied at least 2 hours per day but did not listen to music” (p. 90). These students also scored, “an average of 18% higher compared with students who studied at least 4 hours per day (more than 2 hours) and did not listen to music” (p. 90).
Option 3:
Smart (2009) found that, “first-year university students who studied at least 2 hours per day, and listened to music while studying, scored an average of 24% higher on end-of-term exams compared with students who studied at least 2 hours per day but did not listen to music, and an average of 18% higher compared with students who studied at least 4 hours per day (more than 2 hours) and did not listen to music” (p. 90).
Option 4:
Listening to music has been shown to have beneficial effects on academic performance. A study of first-year university students found that students who studied at least 2 hours per day, and listened to music while studying, scored an average of 24% higher on end-of-term exams compared with students who studied at least 2 hours per day but did not listen to music, and an average of 18% higher compared with students who studied at least 4 hours per day (more than 2 hours) and did not listen to music.
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