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You have been requested to review data on zinc and identify risk management concerns associated with selecting a level (concentration) of zinc that can be allowed in drinking water without causing adverse health effects. You are also to make a recommendation to your Director for the allowable levels of zinc in drinking water.
For this Case Assignment you are to complete the following tasks:
Task 1. Note that adverse health effects can occur when there is too much zinc in the diet and when there is not enough. Generally, the appropriate public health position to limiting the amount of a toxic substance that enters the body is to keep the dose as low as possible. Usually, with the application of risk management practices, this translates to keeping the dose at or below a level that does not cause an adverse outcome. However, some elements that that people may be exposed to may cause adverse health effects at high toxic dose levels and at very low dose deficiency levels. Although you are only required to review the Tox Profile for zinc, please indicate as one of your first statements when preparing this assignment that you have complied.
Task 2. Study the following figure, which is a graphic depiction of some effect levels that are associated with oral exposures to various levels of zinc (From Cantilli et al., 1994). Note that there are toxic effects noted at the higher dose levels and deficiencies at the lower doses. The ATSDR Tox Profile can provide you specific information concerning these effects (see section titled “Health Effects.”) Please indicate which levels of zinc were the most important when developing a recommended level for zinc in drinking water.
Reference Attached Word Document
Task 3. Identify risk management concerns associated with selecting a level (concentration) of zinc that can be allowed in drinking water without causing adverse health effects. Discuss how you would assess and manage the risks of exposure to zinc in drinking water. You should review and reflect on your knowledge of risk assessment, risk management, the information in this module, the above figure, and the ATSDR Toxicological Profile.
Task 4. Identify the primary stakeholders and the importance of involving them in the risk management decision-making process.
Helpful hints: There is sufficient information in this module to respond to this case study. However, if you wish to do additional research, look for information on “U”-shaped dose-response curves, essentiality, toxicity of essential elements, and recommended daily allowance (RDA).
Task 5. What is your recommendation? Justify it!
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