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Give examples from Best and Luckenbill’s Types of Relationships,Adler and Adler’s Self-Injurers as Loners, Muir and Seitz’s Collegiate Rugby and Subcultural Deviance.
Discuss entry and acculturation into a deviant group paying particular attention to what may attract people to deviant groups, the circumstances of their initial experiences in the group, and the conditions and costs of their involvement in the group. Give examples from Weinberg’s Becoming a Nudist, Jankowski’s Getting into Gangs, and Abbott’s Doing Porn.
People learn the norms of a group through the process of socialization. Discuss how the norms are learned in deviant groups and give examples from Anderson’s The Code of the Streets,†Weinberg’s “The Nudist Management of Respectability,†and Gordon’s Lesbian’s Resistance to Culturally Defined Attractiveness.
Social diversity exists in deviant groups, though the popular view of deviants and deviant subcultures tends to apply a stereotype to the deviants. Discuss the diversity seen among heroin addicts, the deaf, and among panhandlers, drawing from Jackson-Jacobs Crack Use on a College Campus, Higgins Outsiders in a Hearing World,†and Lankenau’s Diversity in Panhandling.
People acquire deviant identities through an interactive process in which the alleged deviant act produces the negative social response, which in turn elicits the deviant social role, culminating in the person’s adoption of a deviant identity. Discuss the process of acquiring a deviant identity, going from primary deviation to secondary deviation. Use examples from Weinberg, Williams and Pryor’s “Becoming Bisexual,†McLorg and Taub’s “Anorexia, Bulimia, and Developing a Deviant Identity,†and Irwin’s “Tattoos without Stigma.â€
In order to sustain a deviant social identity and membership in a deviant group, new members have to incorporate the group’s signs and symbols into their own personal styles and to behave according to deviant norms even when they may not especially want to. Persons who wish to conceal their deviant identity confront both role, and self, problems as they seek to control information about their identity or to neutralize the deviant identity. Discuss the ways in which deviant identities are managed using examples from Brekhus’ “Modes of Suburban Gay Identity,†Twining, Arluke, and Patronek’s “Pit Bull Owners and Stigma,†Gauthier’s “Veterinarians’ Deviance and Neutralization Techniques.â€
If people can successfully conceal their deviance, they can continue to enjoy deviance without “paying the price,†though a profound identity crisis can be one of the conditions for transforming a deviant identity back to a more conventional one. Discuss the ways in which a transformation of a deviant identity may occur drawing from Granfield and Cloud’s “Natural Recovery,†Sommers, Baskin, and Fagan’s “Getting Out of the Life,†and Weinberg, Williams, and Laurent’s “Medicalizing and Demedicalizing Hermaphroditism.†Pay particular attention to how becoming a role model in a therapy situation and membership in a group that provides support or works for social change can affect the transformation from deviant to conventional identities.
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